oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August
4, 1961) is the 44th and
current President of the
United States . He is the first
African American to hold
the office. Obama
previously served as a
United States Senator from
Illinois, from January 2005
until he resigned following
his victory in the 2008
presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii,
Obama is a graduate of
Columbia University and
Harvard Law School, where
he was the president of the
Harvard Law Review. He
was a community organizer
in Chicago before earning
his law degree. He worked
as a civil rights attorney in
Chicago and taught
constitutional law at the
University of Chicago Law
School from 1992 to 2004.
He served three terms
representing the 13th
District in the Illinois Senate
from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful
bid against the Democratic
incumbent for a seat in the
United States House of
Representatives in 2000,
Obama ran for the United
States Senate in 2004.
Several events brought him
to national attention
during the campaign,
including his victory in the
March 2004 Illinois
Democratic primary for the
Senate election and his
keynote address at the
Democratic National
Convention in July 2004. He
won election to the U.S.
Senate in Illinois in
November 2004. His
presidential campaign
began in February 2007,
and after a close campaign
in the 2008 Democratic
Party presidential primaries
against Hillary Rodham
Clinton, he won his party's
nomination. In the 2008
presidential election, he
defeated Republican
nominee John McCain, and
was inaugurated as
president on January 20,
2009. In October 2009,
Obama was named the
2009 Nobel Peace Prize
laureate .
As president, Obama signed
economic stimulus
legislation in the form of
the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act of 2009
and the Tax Relief,
Unemployment Insurance
Reauthorization, and Job
Creation Act of 2010 . Other
domestic policy initiatives
include the Patient
Protection and Affordable
Care Act , the Dodd–Frank
Wall Street Reform and
Consumer Protection Act,
the Don't Ask, Don't Tell
Repeal Act of 2010 and the
Budget Control Act of
2011 . In foreign policy, he
ended the war in Iraq,
increased troop levels in
Afghanistan, signed the
New START arms control
treaty with Russia, ordered
US involvement in the 2011
Libya military intervention ,
and ordered the military
operation that resulted in
the death of Osama bin
Laden. In April 2011,
Obama declared his
intention to seek re-
election in the 2012
presidential election.
Tuesday 7 February 2012
"Barack" and "Obama"
redirect here. For other
uses, see Barak
(disambiguation) and
Obama (disambiguation).
For the Kenyan economist,
President Obama's father,
see Barack Obama, Sr.
Barack Obama
44th President of the
United States
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 20, 2009
Vice
President Joe Biden
Preceded
by George W. Bush
United States Senator
from Illinois
In office
January 3, 2005 –
November 16, 2008
Preceded
by Peter Fitzgerald
Succeeded
by Roland Burris
Member of the Illinois
Senate
from the 13th District
In office
January 8, 1997 –
November 4, 2004
Preceded
by Alice Palmer
Succeeded
by Kwame Raoul
Personal details
Born
Barack Hussein
Obama II
August 4, 1961 [1]
Honolulu, Hawaii,
U.S.[2]
Political
party Democratic
Spouse(s) Michelle Robinson
(1992–present)
Children Malia (born 1998)
Sasha (born 2001)
Residence
White House
(Official)
Chicago, Illinois
(Private)
Alma
mater Occidental College
Columbia University
(B.A.)
Harvard Law School
(J.D.)
Profession Community
organizer
Lawyer
Constitutional law
professor
Author
Religion Christianity[3]
Signature
Website barackobama.com
This article is part
of a series on
Barack Obama
Background
Illinois Senate
US Senate
Political positions
Public image
Family
2008 primaries
Obama–Biden campaign
Transition
Inauguration
Electoral history
Presidency
Timeline '09
'10
'11
'12
First 100 days
Nobel Peace Prize
Re-election campaign
redirect here. For other
uses, see Barak
(disambiguation) and
Obama (disambiguation).
For the Kenyan economist,
President Obama's father,
see Barack Obama, Sr.
Barack Obama
44th President of the
United States
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 20, 2009
Vice
President Joe Biden
Preceded
by George W. Bush
United States Senator
from Illinois
In office
January 3, 2005 –
November 16, 2008
Preceded
by Peter Fitzgerald
Succeeded
by Roland Burris
Member of the Illinois
Senate
from the 13th District
In office
January 8, 1997 –
November 4, 2004
Preceded
by Alice Palmer
Succeeded
by Kwame Raoul
Personal details
Born
Barack Hussein
Obama II
August 4, 1961 [1]
Honolulu, Hawaii,
U.S.[2]
Political
party Democratic
Spouse(s) Michelle Robinson
(1992–present)
Children Malia (born 1998)
Sasha (born 2001)
Residence
White House
(Official)
Chicago, Illinois
(Private)
Alma
mater Occidental College
Columbia University
(B.A.)
Harvard Law School
(J.D.)
Profession Community
organizer
Lawyer
Constitutional law
professor
Author
Religion Christianity[3]
Signature
Website barackobama.com
This article is part
of a series on
Barack Obama
Background
Illinois Senate
US Senate
Political positions
Public image
Family
2008 primaries
Obama–Biden campaign
Transition
Inauguration
Electoral history
Presidency
Timeline '09
'10
'11
'12
First 100 days
Nobel Peace Prize
Re-election campaign
Sunday 5 February 2012
tim in 2012
2011-12 season (southern
summer)
New Zealand's season
began with a short tour to
Zimbabwe which included
their first test match since
January 2011, ten months
before. Southee was
injured out of that tour,
with his knee not having
recovered.[88] Instead his
season began with
Northern Districts' first class
matches, proving his fitness
with a haul of 7-37 in the
first innings against
Wellington.[89]
summer)
New Zealand's season
began with a short tour to
Zimbabwe which included
their first test match since
January 2011, ten months
before. Southee was
injured out of that tour,
with his knee not having
recovered.[88] Instead his
season began with
Northern Districts' first class
matches, proving his fitness
with a haul of 7-37 in the
first innings against
Wellington.[89]
tim in friends life t20 2011
2011 Friends Life t20:
Essex
During the 2011 IPL,
Southee was announced as
a new international signing
for the Essex Eagles 2011
Friends Life t20 squad. He
will join the team after the
IPL, with Essex's first match
scheduled for 3 June.
Essex
During the 2011 IPL,
Southee was announced as
a new international signing
for the Essex Eagles 2011
Friends Life t20 squad. He
will join the team after the
IPL, with Essex's first match
scheduled for 3 June.
tim in ipl 2011
2011 Indian Premier
League (IPL): Chennai
Super Kings
Southee had been passed
over at the 2011 IPL Players
Auction in January, but
shortly after New Zealand
were eliminated from the
World Cup his form led to
the Chennai Super Kings
signing him for the IPL's
2011 season, which began
on 8 April. The Super Kings
are coached by Stephen
Fleming, whose last test
appearance for New
Zealand coincided with
Southee's first.[84] By
playing the IPL Southee
gave up the chance to join
English county Essex for
their domestic summer,[85]
but he did join them for
the 2011 Friends Life t20
after the IPL.[86]
In his IPL debut Southee
helped the Super Kings to
a two-run victory over the
Kolkata Knight Riders by
conceding only 6 runs in
the last over of the match.
[87]
League (IPL): Chennai
Super Kings
Southee had been passed
over at the 2011 IPL Players
Auction in January, but
shortly after New Zealand
were eliminated from the
World Cup his form led to
the Chennai Super Kings
signing him for the IPL's
2011 season, which began
on 8 April. The Super Kings
are coached by Stephen
Fleming, whose last test
appearance for New
Zealand coincided with
Southee's first.[84] By
playing the IPL Southee
gave up the chance to join
English county Essex for
their domestic summer,[85]
but he did join them for
the 2011 Friends Life t20
after the IPL.[86]
In his IPL debut Southee
helped the Super Kings to
a two-run victory over the
Kolkata Knight Riders by
conceding only 6 runs in
the last over of the match.
[87]
tim in 2011 wc
2011 ICC Cricket World
Cup
Southee was the third-
highest wicket-taker at the
2011 World Cup, hosted by
India, Sri Lanka and
Bangladesh. He was named
by the ICC as the 12th man,
and only New Zealander, in
the "team of the
tournament"[78] having
finished with 18 wickets at
17.33 ( Shahid Afridi and
Zaheer Khan jointly topped
the wicket-takers).[79] He
opened the bowling in
seven of New Zealand's
eight matches and wasfirst
change in the other. New
Zealand used 12 bowlers in
the tournament, with only
Southee and Nathan
McCullum bowling in all of
their games.[80]
Southee's best figures came
in New Zealand's win
against eventual semi-
finalists Pakistan. He took
3/25, with each dismissed
batsman playing in
Pakistan's top five.[81] He
took wickets in all of New
Zealand's matches,
including three each
against Kenya, Zimbabwe
and Sri Lanka twice - in the
group stages and in the
first semi-final.[82]
The New Zealand team
employed former South
African fast bowler Allan
Donald as a bowling coach
from January 2011. His
work was credited as
contributing a lot towards
Southee's improvement
and success at the world
cup. Towards the end of
the tournament Donald
predicted that Southee
could be the best swing
bowler in world cricket:[83]
The first thing I said to
[Tim Southee] when I
met him was, 'I want
you to take the
responsibility of
leading this attack. As
young as you are, I
want you to take that
responsibility because
you could become the
best swing bowler in
world cricket in the
next year or so'. [...]
I haven't changed his
style of bowling,
although I think we
can improve that. I
think he can add the
inswinger to right-
handers and that's
something I need to
bring to his game to
add some variety.
New Zealand ended the
tournament as beaten
semi-finalists.
Cup
Southee was the third-
highest wicket-taker at the
2011 World Cup, hosted by
India, Sri Lanka and
Bangladesh. He was named
by the ICC as the 12th man,
and only New Zealander, in
the "team of the
tournament"[78] having
finished with 18 wickets at
17.33 ( Shahid Afridi and
Zaheer Khan jointly topped
the wicket-takers).[79] He
opened the bowling in
seven of New Zealand's
eight matches and wasfirst
change in the other. New
Zealand used 12 bowlers in
the tournament, with only
Southee and Nathan
McCullum bowling in all of
their games.[80]
Southee's best figures came
in New Zealand's win
against eventual semi-
finalists Pakistan. He took
3/25, with each dismissed
batsman playing in
Pakistan's top five.[81] He
took wickets in all of New
Zealand's matches,
including three each
against Kenya, Zimbabwe
and Sri Lanka twice - in the
group stages and in the
first semi-final.[82]
The New Zealand team
employed former South
African fast bowler Allan
Donald as a bowling coach
from January 2011. His
work was credited as
contributing a lot towards
Southee's improvement
and success at the world
cup. Towards the end of
the tournament Donald
predicted that Southee
could be the best swing
bowler in world cricket:[83]
The first thing I said to
[Tim Southee] when I
met him was, 'I want
you to take the
responsibility of
leading this attack. As
young as you are, I
want you to take that
responsibility because
you could become the
best swing bowler in
world cricket in the
next year or so'. [...]
I haven't changed his
style of bowling,
although I think we
can improve that. I
think he can add the
inswinger to right-
handers and that's
something I need to
bring to his game to
add some variety.
New Zealand ended the
tournament as beaten
semi-finalists.
tim in start 2011
2010-11 season: Pakistan
in New Zealand
With the 2011 ICC World
Cup starting in February,
New Zealand only hosted
one tour for the summer.
Pakistan visited for three
Twenty20s, two tests and
six ODIs. Southee only
missed one ODI, playing all
the other matches. He
became the third bowler
(and second New
Zealander) to take a hat-
trick in a Twenty20
international, and also
took his first ODI five-
wicket bag.[67]
Twenty20s
The Twenty20 series began
on Boxing Day in Auckland,
where Southee was named
man of the match. He
finished the sixth over of
the game with a wicket. In
his next over he took a hat-
trick - only the third in
international Twenty20
cricket[67] - giving him four
top-order wickets in five
balls. He ended with 5/18
in four overs - his best
figures in Twenty20
internationals (as of April
2011). New Zealand won
the match.[68][69]
Southee also took
consecutive wickets in the
second match, finishing
with 2/26. In the third he
took 1/53. His bowling
average for the series was
12.1.[70]
Tests
The first day of the first
test saw Pakistan take
seven wickets in 65 overs.
Southee, batting at 8,
played through to the end
of the 90-over day with
Kane Williamson in a
partnership that
"prevented Pakistan's
complete domination",[71]
earning his second test
half-century in the process.
He was out the next
morning for 56, making
him joint top-scorer for the
innings. Southee also took
two first-innings wickets,
but over the second and
third days Pakistan easily
won the match.[72]
Established as one of New
Zealand's opening bowlers,
Southee added two wickets
in each innings of the
second test. This gave his 6
for the series, averaging
40.5. He also scored
another 23 runs in a drawn
match.[73] Both his batting
and bowling averages for
the series were better than
his test career averages to
date.[74]
One day internationals
Southee played five of the
six ODIs. One was washed
out in the third over,
effectively making it a five-
match series. Pakistan won
3-2.[75]
In the first match Southee
won another man of the
match award for taking his
first ODI five-wicket bag,
including three in his
opening spell. His 5/33
helped bowl Pakistan out
for 134, leaving an easy
chase for his team.[76]
His figures faded through
the series though, and in
the last two matches he
played (the fourth and
sixth of the series) he didn't
take any wickets. Across the
series he took 7/217,
averaging 31.
in New Zealand
With the 2011 ICC World
Cup starting in February,
New Zealand only hosted
one tour for the summer.
Pakistan visited for three
Twenty20s, two tests and
six ODIs. Southee only
missed one ODI, playing all
the other matches. He
became the third bowler
(and second New
Zealander) to take a hat-
trick in a Twenty20
international, and also
took his first ODI five-
wicket bag.[67]
Twenty20s
The Twenty20 series began
on Boxing Day in Auckland,
where Southee was named
man of the match. He
finished the sixth over of
the game with a wicket. In
his next over he took a hat-
trick - only the third in
international Twenty20
cricket[67] - giving him four
top-order wickets in five
balls. He ended with 5/18
in four overs - his best
figures in Twenty20
internationals (as of April
2011). New Zealand won
the match.[68][69]
Southee also took
consecutive wickets in the
second match, finishing
with 2/26. In the third he
took 1/53. His bowling
average for the series was
12.1.[70]
Tests
The first day of the first
test saw Pakistan take
seven wickets in 65 overs.
Southee, batting at 8,
played through to the end
of the 90-over day with
Kane Williamson in a
partnership that
"prevented Pakistan's
complete domination",[71]
earning his second test
half-century in the process.
He was out the next
morning for 56, making
him joint top-scorer for the
innings. Southee also took
two first-innings wickets,
but over the second and
third days Pakistan easily
won the match.[72]
Established as one of New
Zealand's opening bowlers,
Southee added two wickets
in each innings of the
second test. This gave his 6
for the series, averaging
40.5. He also scored
another 23 runs in a drawn
match.[73] Both his batting
and bowling averages for
the series were better than
his test career averages to
date.[74]
One day internationals
Southee played five of the
six ODIs. One was washed
out in the third over,
effectively making it a five-
match series. Pakistan won
3-2.[75]
In the first match Southee
won another man of the
match award for taking his
first ODI five-wicket bag,
including three in his
opening spell. His 5/33
helped bowl Pakistan out
for 134, leaving an easy
chase for his team.[76]
His figures faded through
the series though, and in
the last two matches he
played (the fourth and
sixth of the series) he didn't
take any wickets. Across the
series he took 7/217,
averaging 31.
tim in 2010
Tours to New Zealand:
Bangladesh and Australia
In February Bangladesh
visited New Zealand for
three ODIs, one Twenty20
and a test. Southee went
wicketless in the Twenty20
and first ODI, then missed
the second ODI. He
returned with three wickets
in the third.[43] In the one-
off test he opened the
bowling and took four
wickets across two innings.
New Zealand won by 121
runs, giving them a clean
sweep of the tour.[51]
Australia's tour included
two Twenty20s, five ODIs
and two tests.[52] Southee
played all of these matches
except the first Twenty20.
[43] His series began slowly,
with only two wickets in his
first five games. But in the
last ODI he took 4/36 and
was man of the match in a
51-run victory (the match
was a dead rubber).[53]
Australia won the test
series easily. In the first
match New Zealand only
took five wickets, none of
them falling to Southee.
[54] In the second New
Zealand started by bowling
Australia out for 231.
Southee had four first-
innings wickets and added
two more top-order scalps
in the second. His two
batting scores - 22 not out
and 45 respectively - were
his best since his debut test.
[55][56]
2010 season
Building up to the 2011
World Cup, New Zealand's
northern tours in 2010
focused on short forms of
cricket. The team played
five matches at the 2010
ICC World Twenty20 in the
West Indies, an historic
two-match Twenty20 series
against Sri Lanka in the
United States , four ODIs in
a tournament with Sri
Lanka and India, a five-ODI
series in Bangladesh, then
five ODIs and three tests in
India. The tour to India
lasted until December.
Southee was a squad
member for every series of
the season, playing in 14 of
these 24 matches.[57]
Twenty20s: 2010 ICC
World tournament and
against Sri Lanka in the
USA
Ten months after missing
selection for the 2009 ICC
World Twenty20 Southee
played the first three of
New Zealand's five games
in the 2010 edition, taking
a single wicket in each,[57]
but was dropped on form.
[58] New Zealand were
knocked out at the "Super
8" stage.
New Zealand and Sri Lanka
then played two matches
at Central Broward
Regional Park in Lauderhill,
Florida. This was the first
time full ICC members
played each other in the
United States.[59] Across
the two games Southee
only bowled four overs,
ending with a combined
0/25.[57]
New Zealand in Sri
Lanka, Bangladesh and
India
The three sub-continental
countries that New Zealand
toured to in 2010 were to
host the ICC World Cup in
March and April 2011. The
tours were seen as
important pre-cup practice
[60] but New Zealand lost
every series.[61] Southee
took six wickets in seven
ODIs (including four in one
match), and four wickets in
two tests.
In August New Zealand
played a triangular one-day
tournament hosted by Sri
Lanka and including India.
They played four matches,
all in Dambulla, selecting
Southee for the second (a
loss to Sri Lanka) and
fourth (a "comprehensive
thrashing"[62] against
India), in which he took
four wickets. New Zealand
finished third.
It wasn't until October that
New Zealand toured again,
this time to Bangladesh for
five ODIs in Dhaka. The
tourists were "thoroughly
outplayed throughout the
series"[63] and didn't win a
match. Southee played in
two of the matches
without taking a wicket.
The team to India played
three tests (for the first
time since March) and five
ODIs. New Zealand didn't
win a game, though the
first two tests were drawn.
[64] Southee missed the
first test but replaced
Jeetan Patel for the last
two. He took four wickets
at an average of 56. He
played in three of the ODIs
but didn't bowl in the last
of them (India's chase only
lasted 22 overs[65]), and
took a combined 1/97.
Bangladesh and Australia
In February Bangladesh
visited New Zealand for
three ODIs, one Twenty20
and a test. Southee went
wicketless in the Twenty20
and first ODI, then missed
the second ODI. He
returned with three wickets
in the third.[43] In the one-
off test he opened the
bowling and took four
wickets across two innings.
New Zealand won by 121
runs, giving them a clean
sweep of the tour.[51]
Australia's tour included
two Twenty20s, five ODIs
and two tests.[52] Southee
played all of these matches
except the first Twenty20.
[43] His series began slowly,
with only two wickets in his
first five games. But in the
last ODI he took 4/36 and
was man of the match in a
51-run victory (the match
was a dead rubber).[53]
Australia won the test
series easily. In the first
match New Zealand only
took five wickets, none of
them falling to Southee.
[54] In the second New
Zealand started by bowling
Australia out for 231.
Southee had four first-
innings wickets and added
two more top-order scalps
in the second. His two
batting scores - 22 not out
and 45 respectively - were
his best since his debut test.
[55][56]
2010 season
Building up to the 2011
World Cup, New Zealand's
northern tours in 2010
focused on short forms of
cricket. The team played
five matches at the 2010
ICC World Twenty20 in the
West Indies, an historic
two-match Twenty20 series
against Sri Lanka in the
United States , four ODIs in
a tournament with Sri
Lanka and India, a five-ODI
series in Bangladesh, then
five ODIs and three tests in
India. The tour to India
lasted until December.
Southee was a squad
member for every series of
the season, playing in 14 of
these 24 matches.[57]
Twenty20s: 2010 ICC
World tournament and
against Sri Lanka in the
USA
Ten months after missing
selection for the 2009 ICC
World Twenty20 Southee
played the first three of
New Zealand's five games
in the 2010 edition, taking
a single wicket in each,[57]
but was dropped on form.
[58] New Zealand were
knocked out at the "Super
8" stage.
New Zealand and Sri Lanka
then played two matches
at Central Broward
Regional Park in Lauderhill,
Florida. This was the first
time full ICC members
played each other in the
United States.[59] Across
the two games Southee
only bowled four overs,
ending with a combined
0/25.[57]
New Zealand in Sri
Lanka, Bangladesh and
India
The three sub-continental
countries that New Zealand
toured to in 2010 were to
host the ICC World Cup in
March and April 2011. The
tours were seen as
important pre-cup practice
[60] but New Zealand lost
every series.[61] Southee
took six wickets in seven
ODIs (including four in one
match), and four wickets in
two tests.
In August New Zealand
played a triangular one-day
tournament hosted by Sri
Lanka and including India.
They played four matches,
all in Dambulla, selecting
Southee for the second (a
loss to Sri Lanka) and
fourth (a "comprehensive
thrashing"[62] against
India), in which he took
four wickets. New Zealand
finished third.
It wasn't until October that
New Zealand toured again,
this time to Bangladesh for
five ODIs in Dhaka. The
tourists were "thoroughly
outplayed throughout the
series"[63] and didn't win a
match. Southee played in
two of the matches
without taking a wicket.
The team to India played
three tests (for the first
time since March) and five
ODIs. New Zealand didn't
win a game, though the
first two tests were drawn.
[64] Southee missed the
first test but replaced
Jeetan Patel for the last
two. He took four wickets
at an average of 56. He
played in three of the ODIs
but didn't bowl in the last
of them (India's chase only
lasted 22 overs[65]), and
took a combined 1/97.
Cricket Australia Emerging Players Tournament
In late July and early
August the Australian
Institute of Sport hosted a
four-team tournament
including "emerging
players" teams from New
Zealand, India and South
Africa. The tournament
combined both Twenty20
matches (New Zealand
played two) and one-day
matches (six). Southee
played all eight matches
for New Zealand, finishing
with 12 wickets - twice as
many as any of his team-
mates - at 28.66.[38] He
scored runs quickly with 55
off 56 balls in the one-days
matches.[39] New Zealand
won only one game.
New Zealand A tour to
India
Within a week of the
tournament finishing in
Australia, Southee arrived
in Chennai, India to play
four two-day games and a
50-over match with the
New Zealand A side.
Southee took only three
wickets in the two-day
matches (one in each of
New Zealand's bowling
innings, with one game
ruined by rain). In the one-
day match he took 3/37 off
six overs.[40]
This tour was also Shane
Bond's return to New
Zealand cricket, having
been banned after he
joined the rebel Indian
Cricket League.[41] Bond
was then chosen ahead of
Southee for the 2009 ICC
Champions Trophy in
South Africa.[42]
2009-2010 season
After missing the 2009
winter season Southee
became a regular selection
for New Zealand in the
2009-10 summer, playing
18 of the season's 22
international matches
against Pakistan,
Bangladesh and Australia.
[43] He also played ten
HRV Cup matches for
Northern Districts in
January.[44]
Against Pakistan
With bowler Daryl Tuffey
unavailable due to a
broken hand, Southee
regained a place in the
New Zealand side that
travelled to Abu Dhabi and
Dubai to play three ODIs
and two Twenty20s against
Pakistan.[45][46] Before the
series captain and stand-in
coach Daniel Vettori said
he hoped that Southee
could "cement his place" in
the side.[47] Vettori picked
him for all five matches,
across which he took seven
wickets (four in the ODIs,
three in Twenty20s).[43]
The teams moved to New
Zealand for a three test
series. Before the series
Southee played for an
invitational XI in a three-
day match against the
tourists[48] but he "didn't
think I bowled very
well"[49] and was omitted
for the first two tests. He
returned to Northern
Districts and immediately
took 8/27 in a Plunket
Shield match against
Wellington, the third-best
figures in Northern Districts
history.[49] (The Wellington
match was marred for
Southee by a two-day
suspension for swearing.
[50]) He was added to the
New Zealand team for the
third and final test, in
Napier, opening the
bowling and taking three
wickets.[43]
August the Australian
Institute of Sport hosted a
four-team tournament
including "emerging
players" teams from New
Zealand, India and South
Africa. The tournament
combined both Twenty20
matches (New Zealand
played two) and one-day
matches (six). Southee
played all eight matches
for New Zealand, finishing
with 12 wickets - twice as
many as any of his team-
mates - at 28.66.[38] He
scored runs quickly with 55
off 56 balls in the one-days
matches.[39] New Zealand
won only one game.
New Zealand A tour to
India
Within a week of the
tournament finishing in
Australia, Southee arrived
in Chennai, India to play
four two-day games and a
50-over match with the
New Zealand A side.
Southee took only three
wickets in the two-day
matches (one in each of
New Zealand's bowling
innings, with one game
ruined by rain). In the one-
day match he took 3/37 off
six overs.[40]
This tour was also Shane
Bond's return to New
Zealand cricket, having
been banned after he
joined the rebel Indian
Cricket League.[41] Bond
was then chosen ahead of
Southee for the 2009 ICC
Champions Trophy in
South Africa.[42]
2009-2010 season
After missing the 2009
winter season Southee
became a regular selection
for New Zealand in the
2009-10 summer, playing
18 of the season's 22
international matches
against Pakistan,
Bangladesh and Australia.
[43] He also played ten
HRV Cup matches for
Northern Districts in
January.[44]
Against Pakistan
With bowler Daryl Tuffey
unavailable due to a
broken hand, Southee
regained a place in the
New Zealand side that
travelled to Abu Dhabi and
Dubai to play three ODIs
and two Twenty20s against
Pakistan.[45][46] Before the
series captain and stand-in
coach Daniel Vettori said
he hoped that Southee
could "cement his place" in
the side.[47] Vettori picked
him for all five matches,
across which he took seven
wickets (four in the ODIs,
three in Twenty20s).[43]
The teams moved to New
Zealand for a three test
series. Before the series
Southee played for an
invitational XI in a three-
day match against the
tourists[48] but he "didn't
think I bowled very
well"[49] and was omitted
for the first two tests. He
returned to Northern
Districts and immediately
took 8/27 in a Plunket
Shield match against
Wellington, the third-best
figures in Northern Districts
history.[49] (The Wellington
match was marred for
Southee by a two-day
suspension for swearing.
[50]) He was added to the
New Zealand team for the
third and final test, in
Napier, opening the
bowling and taking three
wickets.[43]
2009 winter season - lower-level internationals
Southee retained one of
New Zealand Cricket's 20
player contracts for the 12
months from 1 August
2009[37] but through the
winter season was left out
of Black Caps teams.
Instead he played as a New
Zealand emerging player,
and for New Zealand A. His
results were encouraging
but Shane Bond's return to
international cricket gave
him another rival for
international selection.
New Zealand Cricket's 20
player contracts for the 12
months from 1 August
2009[37] but through the
winter season was left out
of Black Caps teams.
Instead he played as a New
Zealand emerging player,
and for New Zealand A. His
results were encouraging
but Shane Bond's return to
international cricket gave
him another rival for
international selection.
India in New Zealand
New Zealand finished the
summer hosting India for
two Twenty20s, five ODIs
and three tests. With Kyle
Mills injured Southee
played both Twenty20
matches, taking 1/42 and
1/36.[30][31] New Zealand
named a 12-man squad for
the first three ODIs with
Mills returning alongside
Southee and fellow seam
bowlers Iain O'Brien and
Ian Butler. Initially Southee
and Butler were seen as
competing for a starting
spot.[32] Butler played all
three matches but Southee
replaced Iain O'Brien in the
third.[33] He was hit for 105
runs without taking a
wicket[34] and then
dropped from the squad.
[35]
Southee played only in the
third of the tests, ahead of
Mills and Jeetan Patel. India
continued to dominate
him, and his 30 overs across
both innings cost 152 runs
for only 3 wickets.[36] The
match was a draw, letting
India win the series 1-0.
Southee wasn't picked to
play any full international
cricket through the
southern winter, which
included the 2009 ICC
Champions Trophy and
2009 ICC World Twenty20.
summer hosting India for
two Twenty20s, five ODIs
and three tests. With Kyle
Mills injured Southee
played both Twenty20
matches, taking 1/42 and
1/36.[30][31] New Zealand
named a 12-man squad for
the first three ODIs with
Mills returning alongside
Southee and fellow seam
bowlers Iain O'Brien and
Ian Butler. Initially Southee
and Butler were seen as
competing for a starting
spot.[32] Butler played all
three matches but Southee
replaced Iain O'Brien in the
third.[33] He was hit for 105
runs without taking a
wicket[34] and then
dropped from the squad.
[35]
Southee played only in the
third of the tests, ahead of
Mills and Jeetan Patel. India
continued to dominate
him, and his 30 overs across
both innings cost 152 runs
for only 3 wickets.[36] The
match was a draw, letting
India win the series 1-0.
Southee wasn't picked to
play any full international
cricket through the
southern winter, which
included the 2009 ICC
Champions Trophy and
2009 ICC World Twenty20.
ODIs and Twenty20s in Australia
In February 2009 New
Zealand visited Australia
for a five-match Chappell-
Hadlee Trophy ODI series
and a single Twenty20.
Southee played all the
one-day matches but only
took three wickets,
averaging 84.33.[28] The
series was drawn 2-2 and
Australia retained the
Chappell-Hadlee Trophy.
The Twenty20 match, which
was a 1-run win to
Australia, saw Southee take
1/31.[29]
Zealand visited Australia
for a five-match Chappell-
Hadlee Trophy ODI series
and a single Twenty20.
Southee played all the
one-day matches but only
took three wickets,
averaging 84.33.[28] The
series was drawn 2-2 and
Australia retained the
Chappell-Hadlee Trophy.
The Twenty20 match, which
was a 1-run win to
Australia, saw Southee take
1/31.[29]
West Indies in New Zealand
West Indies in New
Zealand
The first in-bound tourists
of the summer were the
West Indies, beginning with
a test series for which
Southee was dropped. He
returned to Northern
Districts for the first time
since the previous season.
[25] The national team
picked Southee again for
two Twenty20s, across
which he took 2/83,[26]
and five ODIs (5/180, with
two matches being drawn
due to rain).[27]
Zealand
The first in-bound tourists
of the summer were the
West Indies, beginning with
a test series for which
Southee was dropped. He
returned to Northern
Districts for the first time
since the previous season.
[25] The national team
picked Southee again for
two Twenty20s, across
which he took 2/83,[26]
and five ODIs (5/180, with
two matches being drawn
due to rain).[27]
Test matches in Australia
New Zealand's summer
began with a short tour to
Australia for two test
matches. Southee took a
combined 5/225 in those
matches, going wicketless
in the second. Australia
won the series easily.[23]
[24] Later in the summer
New Zealand returned to
Australia for five ODIs and
a Twenty20 match.
began with a short tour to
Australia for two test
matches. Southee took a
combined 5/225 in those
matches, going wicketless
in the second. Australia
won the series easily.[23]
[24] Later in the summer
New Zealand returned to
Australia for five ODIs and
a Twenty20 match.
2008-09 New Zealand season
Through the 2008-09
summer Southee
competed for a place in
the New Zealand team
with more experienced
bowlers like Iain O'Brien
and Ian Butler. Game-
changing performances like
the previous summer's five-
wicket bags eluded him,
though he played 19
matches for his country.
summer Southee
competed for a place in
the New Zealand team
with more experienced
bowlers like Iain O'Brien
and Ian Butler. Game-
changing performances like
the previous summer's five-
wicket bags eluded him,
though he played 19
matches for his country.
2008 season (northern summer)
At the end of the 2007-08
season a survey of New
Zealand's first class
cricketers named Southee
the country's most
promising cricketer[19] and
in April he was awarded
one of New Zealand
Cricket's 20 player
contracts, placing him
among the players with
"the greatest likely future
value to the Black Caps in
the next 12 months".[20]
His rise was reflected in his
selection for his first full
international tour, to
England, Ireland and
Scotland from May to July.
He played a single test
match at Lord's, taking 0/59
in a drawn game, and
seven one-day
internationals (five against
England and one each
against the other two
hosts). In the ODIs he took
16 wickets, averaging 16.93.
[21]
In October New Zealand
visited Bangladesh to play
three ODIs and two tests.
Southee only played the
ODIs, taking a combined
two wickets for 114. Before
the tests captain Daniel
Vettori said that there was
one position in the team
for either Iain O'Brien or
Southee.[22] The position
went to O'Brien.
season a survey of New
Zealand's first class
cricketers named Southee
the country's most
promising cricketer[19] and
in April he was awarded
one of New Zealand
Cricket's 20 player
contracts, placing him
among the players with
"the greatest likely future
value to the Black Caps in
the next 12 months".[20]
His rise was reflected in his
selection for his first full
international tour, to
England, Ireland and
Scotland from May to July.
He played a single test
match at Lord's, taking 0/59
in a drawn game, and
seven one-day
internationals (five against
England and one each
against the other two
hosts). In the ODIs he took
16 wickets, averaging 16.93.
[21]
In October New Zealand
visited Bangladesh to play
three ODIs and two tests.
Southee only played the
ODIs, taking a combined
two wickets for 114. Before
the tests captain Daniel
Vettori said that there was
one position in the team
for either Iain O'Brien or
Southee.[22] The position
went to O'Brien.
Test match debut
England were still touring
New Zealand when
Southee returned home
from the 2008 Under-19
World Cup as player of the
tournament. The one-day
series was over but the
three-match test was about
to begin. When injury ruled
Kyle Mills out of the third
Test match, in Napier,
Southee was added to the
squad and made his Test
match debut on 22 March
2008. Aged only 19 years
and 102 days, he was New
Zealand's seventh-youngest
test debutant.[16]
He had an immediate
impact in the first day,
dismissing Michael
Vaughan and Andrew
Strauss in his second and
third overs, and then later
claiming the wicket of
Kevin Pietersen. On the
second day he took two
more wickets and
completed a debut five-
wicket haul, finishing with
5-55. During New Zealand's
second innings, chasing 553,
Southee hit New Zealand's
fastest half-century in 29
balls. His innings, which
ended on 77* from just 40
balls, included nine sixes
and four fours.[17]
Only four other Test
cricketers had hit more
sixes in an innings - Wally
Hammond, Nathan Astle,
Matthew Hayden and
Wasim Akram.[18]
This was New Zealand's last
home match of the
summer.
New Zealand when
Southee returned home
from the 2008 Under-19
World Cup as player of the
tournament. The one-day
series was over but the
three-match test was about
to begin. When injury ruled
Kyle Mills out of the third
Test match, in Napier,
Southee was added to the
squad and made his Test
match debut on 22 March
2008. Aged only 19 years
and 102 days, he was New
Zealand's seventh-youngest
test debutant.[16]
He had an immediate
impact in the first day,
dismissing Michael
Vaughan and Andrew
Strauss in his second and
third overs, and then later
claiming the wicket of
Kevin Pietersen. On the
second day he took two
more wickets and
completed a debut five-
wicket haul, finishing with
5-55. During New Zealand's
second innings, chasing 553,
Southee hit New Zealand's
fastest half-century in 29
balls. His innings, which
ended on 77* from just 40
balls, included nine sixes
and four fours.[17]
Only four other Test
cricketers had hit more
sixes in an innings - Wally
Hammond, Nathan Astle,
Matthew Hayden and
Wasim Akram.[18]
This was New Zealand's last
home match of the
summer.
New Zealand's selectors
and coaches took great
interest in Southee while
he was still playing youth
cricket. In 2007 national
bowling coach Dayle
Hadlee took him to India.
Hadlee later said that while
there Dennis Lillee had
compared Southee's talent
to that of Glenn McGrath
when he was young.
Hadlee, brother of New
Zealand Cricket Selection
Manager Sir Richard
Hadlee, also said that he'd
been "whispering in Black
Caps coach John
Bracewell's ear about the
possibility of taking
Southee on the upcoming
tour of England."[9]
While in the selectors' eye
Southee took 6/68 in the
first innings of a first class
match against Auckland in
early December (the
innings ended on his 19th
birthday).[10] Within a
fortnight he was picked to
play for a New Zealand XI
side in a Twenty20 match
against a Bangladesh side
on 23 December 2007. The
game, played at Northern
Districts' home ground of
Seddon Park in Hamilton,
was a charity match for
cyclone relief in
Bangladesh, and not a full
international. Southee
bowled three overs and
took 1/31.[11]
On 30 January 2008,
Southee was named in the
New Zealand squad for
two Twenty20 International
games against England.
Selection Manager Sir
Richard Hadlee said:[12]
"Why delay producing
a player of some
talent? Perhaps I could
compare him with
Brendon McCullum
when he started - he
had a lot of potential.
It might take a lot of
time for Tim to find his
feet but why wait two
or three years when
someone is in a special
category? The feedback
we're getting is that
this guy has got it. He
runs in relatively
straight, he gets
through his action
nicely and he moves
the ball, particularly
away from the
batsman."
Southee's international
debut took place two years
to the day after he'd first
played under-19 cricket for
New Zealand, on 5
February 2008 in Auckland.
He took 1/38.[13] In the
second match, Southee was
New Zealand's best bowler
with figures of 2/22 from
four overs.[14]
Most of the New Zealand
squad stayed together for
the first three one day
matches that followed, but
Southee rejoined the
national Under-19 team
for the 2008 Under-19
Cricket World Cup in
Malaysia.[15]
and coaches took great
interest in Southee while
he was still playing youth
cricket. In 2007 national
bowling coach Dayle
Hadlee took him to India.
Hadlee later said that while
there Dennis Lillee had
compared Southee's talent
to that of Glenn McGrath
when he was young.
Hadlee, brother of New
Zealand Cricket Selection
Manager Sir Richard
Hadlee, also said that he'd
been "whispering in Black
Caps coach John
Bracewell's ear about the
possibility of taking
Southee on the upcoming
tour of England."[9]
While in the selectors' eye
Southee took 6/68 in the
first innings of a first class
match against Auckland in
early December (the
innings ended on his 19th
birthday).[10] Within a
fortnight he was picked to
play for a New Zealand XI
side in a Twenty20 match
against a Bangladesh side
on 23 December 2007. The
game, played at Northern
Districts' home ground of
Seddon Park in Hamilton,
was a charity match for
cyclone relief in
Bangladesh, and not a full
international. Southee
bowled three overs and
took 1/31.[11]
On 30 January 2008,
Southee was named in the
New Zealand squad for
two Twenty20 International
games against England.
Selection Manager Sir
Richard Hadlee said:[12]
"Why delay producing
a player of some
talent? Perhaps I could
compare him with
Brendon McCullum
when he started - he
had a lot of potential.
It might take a lot of
time for Tim to find his
feet but why wait two
or three years when
someone is in a special
category? The feedback
we're getting is that
this guy has got it. He
runs in relatively
straight, he gets
through his action
nicely and he moves
the ball, particularly
away from the
batsman."
Southee's international
debut took place two years
to the day after he'd first
played under-19 cricket for
New Zealand, on 5
February 2008 in Auckland.
He took 1/38.[13] In the
second match, Southee was
New Zealand's best bowler
with figures of 2/22 from
four overs.[14]
Most of the New Zealand
squad stayed together for
the first three one day
matches that followed, but
Southee rejoined the
national Under-19 team
for the 2008 Under-19
Cricket World Cup in
Malaysia.[15]
International career
Southee began his
international career as one
of the youngest ever to
play for New Zealand. He
has become a regular
member of the
international side in all
three formats - Twenty20,
one-day internationals, and
test matches.
international career as one
of the youngest ever to
play for New Zealand. He
has become a regular
member of the
international side in all
three formats - Twenty20,
one-day internationals, and
test matches.
International youth representative
Southee played under-19
cricket for New Zealand
from 2006-2009. His
under-19 career included
13 one-day matches - 10 at
ICC Under-19 World Cups -
and a drawn three-match
Youth Test series against
India in early 2007. His last
youth appearance was at
the 2008 ICC Under-19
Cricket World Cup, where
he was player of the
tournament.
Southee was 17 years old
when he debuted in the
2006 ICC Under-19 World
Cup on 5 February, against
Bangladesh in Colombo, Sri
Lanka. He also played
against Pakistan, Ireland,
the USA and Nepal in that
tournament. He ended
with 5 wickets at an
average of 38.8, and 113
runs at 22.6.[1] New
Zealand lost the Plate Final
to Nepal.[2]
In 2007 Southee played his
only three Youth Tests
when New Zealand hosted
India. In the second match
of the series, which New
Zealand won, he took 6-36
and 6-56.[3] He finished the
drawn series with 20
wickets at an average of
18.2.[4]
By the time Southee
appeared at his second ICC
Under-19 World Cup, in
Malaysia in 2008, he had
already played two full
Twenty20 internationals for
New Zealand. His bowling
saw him named the player
of the tournament.[5] He
took 5/11 in New Zealand's
first match, against
Zimbabwe, and went on to
take 17 wickets in five
matches, averaging only
6.64 and conceding only
2.52 runs an over.[6] Only
South Africa's Wayne
Parnell took more wickets
(18), although he played
one more match.[7]
Southee's last under-19
appearance was New
Zealand's semi-final loss to
eventual champions India,
a rain-affected match in
which he took 4/29.[8]
Within a month, Southee
played in his debut test
match. The youth squads
he played in included other
future internationals
Martin Guptill, Hamish
Bennett, and Kane
Williamson.
cricket for New Zealand
from 2006-2009. His
under-19 career included
13 one-day matches - 10 at
ICC Under-19 World Cups -
and a drawn three-match
Youth Test series against
India in early 2007. His last
youth appearance was at
the 2008 ICC Under-19
Cricket World Cup, where
he was player of the
tournament.
Southee was 17 years old
when he debuted in the
2006 ICC Under-19 World
Cup on 5 February, against
Bangladesh in Colombo, Sri
Lanka. He also played
against Pakistan, Ireland,
the USA and Nepal in that
tournament. He ended
with 5 wickets at an
average of 38.8, and 113
runs at 22.6.[1] New
Zealand lost the Plate Final
to Nepal.[2]
In 2007 Southee played his
only three Youth Tests
when New Zealand hosted
India. In the second match
of the series, which New
Zealand won, he took 6-36
and 6-56.[3] He finished the
drawn series with 20
wickets at an average of
18.2.[4]
By the time Southee
appeared at his second ICC
Under-19 World Cup, in
Malaysia in 2008, he had
already played two full
Twenty20 internationals for
New Zealand. His bowling
saw him named the player
of the tournament.[5] He
took 5/11 in New Zealand's
first match, against
Zimbabwe, and went on to
take 17 wickets in five
matches, averaging only
6.64 and conceding only
2.52 runs an over.[6] Only
South Africa's Wayne
Parnell took more wickets
(18), although he played
one more match.[7]
Southee's last under-19
appearance was New
Zealand's semi-final loss to
eventual champions India,
a rain-affected match in
which he took 4/29.[8]
Within a month, Southee
played in his debut test
match. The youth squads
he played in included other
future internationals
Martin Guptill, Hamish
Bennett, and Kane
Williamson.
Early life
Southee was born in
Whangarei, New Zealand,
and grew up in Northland.
He was educated at King's
College, Auckland and
made his first-class debut
for Northern Districts on 19
February 2007 at the age of
eighteen, having already
played an Under-19 ICC
World Cup for New
Zealand. He lives on a
sheep farm in Whangarei
with his family.
Whangarei, New Zealand,
and grew up in Northland.
He was educated at King's
College, Auckland and
made his first-class debut
for Northern Districts on 19
February 2007 at the age of
eighteen, having already
played an Under-19 ICC
World Cup for New
Zealand. He lives on a
sheep farm in Whangarei
with his family.
introduction of tim
Timothy Grant Southee
(born 11 December 1988) is
a New Zealand cricketer.
He is a right-arm fast-
medium bowler and hard-
hitting lower order
batsman. He was one New
Zealand's youngest
cricketers, debuting at 19
years old. He plays for
Northern Districts in the
State Championship and
Northland in the Hawke
Cup.
He was the third-highest
wicket-taker at the 2011
ICC World Cup.
(born 11 December 1988) is
a New Zealand cricketer.
He is a right-arm fast-
medium bowler and hard-
hitting lower order
batsman. He was one New
Zealand's youngest
cricketers, debuting at 19
years old. He plays for
Northern Districts in the
State Championship and
Northland in the Hawke
Cup.
He was the third-highest
wicket-taker at the 2011
ICC World Cup.
career
Career statistics
Competition Test ODI FC List
A
Matches 13 51 38 62
Runs scored 385 162 730 227
Batting
average 21.38 8.52 16.59 8.10
100s/50s 0/2 0/0 0/3 0/0
Top score 77* 32 77* 32
Balls bowled 2,599 2,466 7,431 3,031
Wickets 35 70 129 83
Bowling
average 42.54 30.74 29.32 32.14
5 wickets in
innings 1 1 6 1
10 wickets in
match 0 0 0 0
Best bowling 5/55 5/33 8/27 5/33
Catches/
stumpings 4/– 8/– 8/– 11/–
Competition Test ODI FC List
A
Matches 13 51 38 62
Runs scored 385 162 730 227
Batting
average 21.38 8.52 16.59 8.10
100s/50s 0/2 0/0 0/3 0/0
Top score 77* 32 77* 32
Balls bowled 2,599 2,466 7,431 3,031
Wickets 35 70 129 83
Bowling
average 42.54 30.74 29.32 32.14
5 wickets in
innings 1 1 6 1
10 wickets in
match 0 0 0 0
Best bowling 5/55 5/33 8/27 5/33
Catches/
stumpings 4/– 8/– 8/– 11/–
domestic information
Domestic team
information
Years Team
2006–
present Northern
Districts
2011 Chennai Super
Kings
2011 Essex
information
Years Team
2006–
present Northern
Districts
2011 Chennai Super
Kings
2011 Essex
international information
International information
National side New
Zealand
Test debut
(cap 237) 22 March
2008 v England
Last Test 15 January
2011 v Pakistan
ODI debut
(cap 150) 15 June 2008 v England
Last ODI 29 March 2011 v Sri
Lanka
ODI shirt no. 38
National side New
Zealand
Test debut
(cap 237) 22 March
2008 v England
Last Test 15 January
2011 v Pakistan
ODI debut
(cap 150) 15 June 2008 v England
Last ODI 29 March 2011 v Sri
Lanka
ODI shirt no. 38
tim southee
Personal information
Full name Timothy Grant Southee
Born
11 December 1988
Whangarei, Northland,
New Zealand
Nickname Timmy, horse
Height 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)
Batting style Right-handed
Bowling style Right-arm medium-fast
Full name Timothy Grant Southee
Born
11 December 1988
Whangarei, Northland,
New Zealand
Nickname Timmy, horse
Height 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)
Batting style Right-handed
Bowling style Right-arm medium-fast
early life
John was born to Henry II
of England and Eleanor of
Aquitaine on 24 December
1166.[3] Henry had
inherited significant
territories along the
Atlantic seaboard – Anjou,
Normandy and England –
and expanded his empire
by conquering Brittany.[4]
Henry married the
powerful Eleanor of
Aquitaine, who reigned
over the Duchy of
Aquitaine and had a
tenuous claim to Toulouse
and Auvergne in southern
France, in addition to being
the former wife of Louis VII
of France.[4] The result was
the Angevin Empire, named
after Henry's paternal title
as Count of Anjou and,
more specifically, its seat in
Angers.[nb 1] The Empire,
however, was inherently
fragile: although all the
lands owed allegiance to
Henry, the disparate parts
each had their own
histories, traditions and
governance structures.[6]
As one moved south
through Anjou and
Aquitaine, the extent of
Henry's power in the
provinces diminished
considerably, scarcely
resembling the modern
concept of an empire at
all. Some of the traditional
ties between parts of the
empire such as Normandy
and England were slowly
dissolving over time.[7] It
was unclear what would
happen to the empire on
Henry's death. Although
the tradition of
primogeniture, under
which an eldest son would
inherit all his father's lands,
was slowly becoming more
widespread across Europe,
it was less popular amongst
the Norman kings of
England.[8] Most believed
that Henry would divide
the empire, giving each son
a substantial portion,
hoping that his children
would then continue to
work together as allies
after his death.[9] To
complicate matters, much
of the Angevin empire was
owned by Henry only as a
vassal of the King of France
of the rival line of the
House of Capet. Henry had
often allied himself with
the Holy Roman Emperor
against France, making the
feudal relationship even
more challenging.[10]
Shortly after his birth, John
was passed from Eleanor
into the care of a wet
nurse, a traditional practice
for medieval noble
families.[11] Eleanor then
left for Poitiers, the capital
of Aquitaine, and sent John
and his sister Joan north to
Fontevrault Abbey.[12] This
may have been done with
the aim of steering her
youngest son, with no
obvious inheritance,
towards a future
ecclesiastical career.[11]
Eleanor spent the next few
years conspiring against her
husband Henry and neither
parent played a part in
John's very early life.[11]
John was probably, like his
brothers, assigned a
magister whilst he was at
Fontevrault, a teacher
charged with his early
education and with
managing the servants of
his immediate household;
John was later taught by
Ranulph Glanville, a
leading English
administrator.[13] John
spent some time as a
member of the household
of his eldest living brother
Henry the Young King,
where he probably received
instruction in hunting and
military skills.[12]
John grew up to be around
5ft.-5in. (1.62 m) tall,
relatively short for royalty
of the day, with a
"powerful, barrel-chested
body" and dark red hair; he
appeared to
contemporaries to look like
an inhabitant of Poitou.[14]
John enjoyed reading and,
unusual for the period,
built up a travelling library
of books.[15] He enjoyed
gambling, in particular on
backgammon, and was an
enthusiastic hunter, even
by medieval standards.[16]
He liked music, although
not songs.[17] John would
become a "connoisseur of
jewels", building up a large
collection, and became
famous for his opulent
clothes and also, according
to French chroniclers, for
his fondness for bad wine.
[18] As John grew up, he
became known for
sometimes being "genial,
witty, generous and
hospitable"; at other
moments, he could be
jealous, over-sensitive and
prone to fits of rage,
"biting and gnawing his
fingers" in anger.[19][nb 2]
of England and Eleanor of
Aquitaine on 24 December
1166.[3] Henry had
inherited significant
territories along the
Atlantic seaboard – Anjou,
Normandy and England –
and expanded his empire
by conquering Brittany.[4]
Henry married the
powerful Eleanor of
Aquitaine, who reigned
over the Duchy of
Aquitaine and had a
tenuous claim to Toulouse
and Auvergne in southern
France, in addition to being
the former wife of Louis VII
of France.[4] The result was
the Angevin Empire, named
after Henry's paternal title
as Count of Anjou and,
more specifically, its seat in
Angers.[nb 1] The Empire,
however, was inherently
fragile: although all the
lands owed allegiance to
Henry, the disparate parts
each had their own
histories, traditions and
governance structures.[6]
As one moved south
through Anjou and
Aquitaine, the extent of
Henry's power in the
provinces diminished
considerably, scarcely
resembling the modern
concept of an empire at
all. Some of the traditional
ties between parts of the
empire such as Normandy
and England were slowly
dissolving over time.[7] It
was unclear what would
happen to the empire on
Henry's death. Although
the tradition of
primogeniture, under
which an eldest son would
inherit all his father's lands,
was slowly becoming more
widespread across Europe,
it was less popular amongst
the Norman kings of
England.[8] Most believed
that Henry would divide
the empire, giving each son
a substantial portion,
hoping that his children
would then continue to
work together as allies
after his death.[9] To
complicate matters, much
of the Angevin empire was
owned by Henry only as a
vassal of the King of France
of the rival line of the
House of Capet. Henry had
often allied himself with
the Holy Roman Emperor
against France, making the
feudal relationship even
more challenging.[10]
Shortly after his birth, John
was passed from Eleanor
into the care of a wet
nurse, a traditional practice
for medieval noble
families.[11] Eleanor then
left for Poitiers, the capital
of Aquitaine, and sent John
and his sister Joan north to
Fontevrault Abbey.[12] This
may have been done with
the aim of steering her
youngest son, with no
obvious inheritance,
towards a future
ecclesiastical career.[11]
Eleanor spent the next few
years conspiring against her
husband Henry and neither
parent played a part in
John's very early life.[11]
John was probably, like his
brothers, assigned a
magister whilst he was at
Fontevrault, a teacher
charged with his early
education and with
managing the servants of
his immediate household;
John was later taught by
Ranulph Glanville, a
leading English
administrator.[13] John
spent some time as a
member of the household
of his eldest living brother
Henry the Young King,
where he probably received
instruction in hunting and
military skills.[12]
John grew up to be around
5ft.-5in. (1.62 m) tall,
relatively short for royalty
of the day, with a
"powerful, barrel-chested
body" and dark red hair; he
appeared to
contemporaries to look like
an inhabitant of Poitou.[14]
John enjoyed reading and,
unusual for the period,
built up a travelling library
of books.[15] He enjoyed
gambling, in particular on
backgammon, and was an
enthusiastic hunter, even
by medieval standards.[16]
He liked music, although
not songs.[17] John would
become a "connoisseur of
jewels", building up a large
collection, and became
famous for his opulent
clothes and also, according
to French chroniclers, for
his fondness for bad wine.
[18] As John grew up, he
became known for
sometimes being "genial,
witty, generous and
hospitable"; at other
moments, he could be
jealous, over-sensitive and
prone to fits of rage,
"biting and gnawing his
fingers" in anger.[19][nb 2]
death
Nonetheless, modern
historians agree that he
also had many faults as
king, including what
historian Ralph Turner
describes as "distasteful,
even dangerous personality
traits", such as pettiness,
spitefulness and cruelty.[2]
These negative qualities
provided extensive material
for fiction writers in the
Victorian era, and John
remains a recurring
character within Western
popular culture, primarily
as a villain in films and
stories depicting the Robin
Hood legends.
historians agree that he
also had many faults as
king, including what
historian Ralph Turner
describes as "distasteful,
even dangerous personality
traits", such as pettiness,
spitefulness and cruelty.[2]
These negative qualities
provided extensive material
for fiction writers in the
Victorian era, and John
remains a recurring
character within Western
popular culture, primarily
as a villain in films and
stories depicting the Robin
Hood legends.
war in france
When war with France
broke out again in 1202,
John achieved early
victories, but shortages of
military resources and his
treatment of Norman,
Breton and Anjou nobles
resulted in the collapse of
his empire in northern
France in 1204. John spent
much of the next decade
attempting to regain these
lands, raising huge
revenues, reforming his
armed forces and
rebuilding continental
alliances. John's judicial
reforms had a lasting,
positive impact on the
English common law
system, as well as providing
an additional source of
revenue. An argument with
Pope Innocent III led to
John's excommunication in
1209, a dispute finally
settled by the king in 1213.
John's attempt to defeat
Philip in 1214 failed due to
the French victory over
John's allies at the battle of
Bouvines. When he
returned to England, John
faced a rebellion by many
of his barons, who were
unhappy with his fiscal
policies and his treatment
of many of England's most
powerful nobles. Although
both John and the barons
agreed to the Magna Carta
peace treaty in 1215,
neither side complied with
its conditions. Civil war
broke out shortly
afterwards, with the barons
aided by Louis of France. It
soon descended into a
stalemate. John died of
dysentery contracted whilst
on campaign in eastern
England during late 1216;
supporters of his son Henry
III went on to achieve
victory over Louis and the
rebel barons the following
year.
Contemporary chroniclers
were mostly critical of
John's performance as king,
and his reign has since
been the subject of
significant debate and
periodic revision by
historians from the 16th
century onwards. Historian
Jim Bradbury has
summarised the
contemporary historical
opinion of John's positive
qualities, observing that
John is today usually
considered a "hard-working
administrator, an able man,
an able general".
broke out again in 1202,
John achieved early
victories, but shortages of
military resources and his
treatment of Norman,
Breton and Anjou nobles
resulted in the collapse of
his empire in northern
France in 1204. John spent
much of the next decade
attempting to regain these
lands, raising huge
revenues, reforming his
armed forces and
rebuilding continental
alliances. John's judicial
reforms had a lasting,
positive impact on the
English common law
system, as well as providing
an additional source of
revenue. An argument with
Pope Innocent III led to
John's excommunication in
1209, a dispute finally
settled by the king in 1213.
John's attempt to defeat
Philip in 1214 failed due to
the French victory over
John's allies at the battle of
Bouvines. When he
returned to England, John
faced a rebellion by many
of his barons, who were
unhappy with his fiscal
policies and his treatment
of many of England's most
powerful nobles. Although
both John and the barons
agreed to the Magna Carta
peace treaty in 1215,
neither side complied with
its conditions. Civil war
broke out shortly
afterwards, with the barons
aided by Louis of France. It
soon descended into a
stalemate. John died of
dysentery contracted whilst
on campaign in eastern
England during late 1216;
supporters of his son Henry
III went on to achieve
victory over Louis and the
rebel barons the following
year.
Contemporary chroniclers
were mostly critical of
John's performance as king,
and his reign has since
been the subject of
significant debate and
periodic revision by
historians from the 16th
century onwards. Historian
Jim Bradbury has
summarised the
contemporary historical
opinion of John's positive
qualities, observing that
John is today usually
considered a "hard-working
administrator, an able man,
an able general".
young days
John, the youngest of five
sons of King Henry II of
England and Eleanor of
Aquitaine, was at first not
expected to inherit
significant lands. Following
the failed rebellion of his
elder brothers between
1173 and 1174, however,
John became Henry's
favourite child. He was
appointed the Lord of
Ireland in 1177 and given
lands in England and on
the continent. John's elder
brothers William, Henry
and Geoffrey died young;
by the time Richard I
became king in 1189, John
was a potential heir to the
throne. John unsuccessfully
attempted a rebellion
against Richard's royal
administrators whilst his
brother was participating in
the Third Crusade. Despite
this, after Richard died in
1199, John was proclaimed
king of England, and came
to an agreement with
Philip II of France to
recognise John's possession
of the continental Angevin
lands at the peace treaty of
Le Goulet in 1200.
sons of King Henry II of
England and Eleanor of
Aquitaine, was at first not
expected to inherit
significant lands. Following
the failed rebellion of his
elder brothers between
1173 and 1174, however,
John became Henry's
favourite child. He was
appointed the Lord of
Ireland in 1177 and given
lands in England and on
the continent. John's elder
brothers William, Henry
and Geoffrey died young;
by the time Richard I
became king in 1189, John
was a potential heir to the
throne. John unsuccessfully
attempted a rebellion
against Richard's royal
administrators whilst his
brother was participating in
the Third Crusade. Despite
this, after Richard died in
1199, John was proclaimed
king of England, and came
to an agreement with
Philip II of France to
recognise John's possession
of the continental Angevin
lands at the peace treaty of
Le Goulet in 1200.
childhood
John (24 December 1166 –
18/19 October 1216), also
known as John Lackland
(French: Sansterre), was
King of England from 6
April 1199 until his death.
During John's reign,
England lost the duchy of
Normandy to King Philip II
of France, which resulted in
the collapse of most of the
Angevin Empire and
contributed to the
subsequent growth in
power of the Capetian
dynasty during the 13th
century. The baronial revolt
at the end of John's reign
led to the signing of the
Magna Carta, a document
often considered to be an
early step in the evolution
of the constitution of the
United Kingdom.
18/19 October 1216), also
known as John Lackland
(French: Sansterre), was
King of England from 6
April 1199 until his death.
During John's reign,
England lost the duchy of
Normandy to King Philip II
of France, which resulted in
the collapse of most of the
Angevin Empire and
contributed to the
subsequent growth in
power of the Capetian
dynasty during the 13th
century. The baronial revolt
at the end of John's reign
led to the signing of the
Magna Carta, a document
often considered to be an
early step in the evolution
of the constitution of the
United Kingdom.
full introduction
King of England (more...)
Reign 6 April 1199 – 19
October 1216
Coronation 27 May 1199
Predecessor Richard I
Successor Henry III
Consort
Isabel, Countess
of Gloucester
m. 1189; ann.
1199
Isabella of
Angoulême
m. 1200; wid.
1216
Issue
Henry III of England
Richard, 1st Earl of
Cornwall
Joan, Queen of Scots
Isabella, Holy Roman
Empress
Eleanor, Countess of
Pembroke
House House of
Plantagenet
Father Henry II of
England
Mother Eleanor of
Aquitaine
Born 24 December
1166
Beaumont
Palace , Oxford
Died
19 October 1216
(aged 49)
Newark Castle,
Newark-on-
Trent ,
Nottinghamshire
Burial Worcester
Cathedral.
Reign 6 April 1199 – 19
October 1216
Coronation 27 May 1199
Predecessor Richard I
Successor Henry III
Consort
Isabel, Countess
of Gloucester
m. 1189; ann.
1199
Isabella of
Angoulême
m. 1200; wid.
1216
Issue
Henry III of England
Richard, 1st Earl of
Cornwall
Joan, Queen of Scots
Isabella, Holy Roman
Empress
Eleanor, Countess of
Pembroke
House House of
Plantagenet
Father Henry II of
England
Mother Eleanor of
Aquitaine
Born 24 December
1166
Beaumont
Palace , Oxford
Died
19 October 1216
(aged 49)
Newark Castle,
Newark-on-
Trent ,
Nottinghamshire
Burial Worcester
Cathedral.
introduction of john
Reign 6 April 1199 – 19
October 1216
Coronation 27 May 1199
Predecessor Richard I
Successor Henry III
Consort
Isabel, Countess
of Gloucester
m. 1189; ann.
1199
Isabella of
Angoulême
m. 1200; wid.
1216
October 1216
Coronation 27 May 1199
Predecessor Richard I
Successor Henry III
Consort
Isabel, Countess
of Gloucester
m. 1189; ann.
1199
Isabella of
Angoulême
m. 1200; wid.
1216
john the king of england
John, King of
England
This article is about the
King of England. For the
play by William
Shakespeare, see The Life
and Death of King John.
England
This article is about the
King of England. For the
play by William
Shakespeare, see The Life
and Death of King John.
lesson of tipu sultan
Although I never
supposed that he
( Napoleon)
possessed, allowing
for some
difference of
education, the
liberality of
conduct and
political views
which were
sometimes
exhibited by old
Hyder Ali, yet I did
think he might
have shown the
same resolved and
dogged spirit of
resolution which
induced Tipu Sahib
to die manfully
upon the breach of
his capital city with
his sabre clenched
in his hand.
supposed that he
( Napoleon)
possessed, allowing
for some
difference of
education, the
liberality of
conduct and
political views
which were
sometimes
exhibited by old
Hyder Ali, yet I did
think he might
have shown the
same resolved and
dogged spirit of
resolution which
induced Tipu Sahib
to die manfully
upon the breach of
his capital city with
his sabre clenched
in his hand.
language of tipu sultan
Tipu's treatment of
conquered subjects, non-
Muslims, and prisoners of
war, were controversial,
and continue to be a
subject of debate today. He
introduced a number of
administrative and military
innovations to Mysore
(including the expansion of
rocket technology), and
introduced and promoted
a more widespread use of
Persian and Urdu
languages in southern
India
conquered subjects, non-
Muslims, and prisoners of
war, were controversial,
and continue to be a
subject of debate today. He
introduced a number of
administrative and military
innovations to Mysore
(including the expansion of
rocket technology), and
introduced and promoted
a more widespread use of
Persian and Urdu
languages in southern
India
start war days of tipu sultan
He engaged in expansionist
attacks against his
neighbours, and harshly
put down rebellions within
his territories, deporting
whole populations into
confinement in
Seringapatam. He remained
an implacable enemy of
the British, bringing them
into renewed conflict with
an attack on British-allied
Travancore in 1789. In the
Third Anglo-Mysore War
Tipu was forced into a
humiliating peace, losing a
number of previously
conquered territories, such
as Malabar and Mangalore.
He sent embassies to
foreign states, including the
Ottoman Empire and
France, in an attempt to
rally opposition to the
British. In the Fourth
Anglo-Mysore War the
combined forces of the
British East India Company
and the Nizam of
Hyderabad defeated Tipu
and he was killed on 4 May
1799, defending the fort of
Seringapatam.
attacks against his
neighbours, and harshly
put down rebellions within
his territories, deporting
whole populations into
confinement in
Seringapatam. He remained
an implacable enemy of
the British, bringing them
into renewed conflict with
an attack on British-allied
Travancore in 1789. In the
Third Anglo-Mysore War
Tipu was forced into a
humiliating peace, losing a
number of previously
conquered territories, such
as Malabar and Mangalore.
He sent embassies to
foreign states, including the
Ottoman Empire and
France, in an attempt to
rally opposition to the
British. In the Fourth
Anglo-Mysore War the
combined forces of the
British East India Company
and the Nizam of
Hyderabad defeated Tipu
and he was killed on 4 May
1799, defending the fort of
Seringapatam.
middle age of tipu sultan
In alliance
with the French in their
struggle with the British,
and in Mysore's struggles
with other surrounding
powers, both Tipu Sultan
and Hyder Ali used their
French trained army
against the Marathas, Sira,
rulers of Malabar, Coorg,
Bednur, Carnatic, and
Travancore. He won
important victories against
the British in the Second
Anglo-Mysore War, and
negotiated the 1784 Treaty
of Mangalore with them
after his father died the
previous year.
with the French in their
struggle with the British,
and in Mysore's struggles
with other surrounding
powers, both Tipu Sultan
and Hyder Ali used their
French trained army
against the Marathas, Sira,
rulers of Malabar, Coorg,
Bednur, Carnatic, and
Travancore. He won
important victories against
the British in the Second
Anglo-Mysore War, and
negotiated the 1784 Treaty
of Mangalore with them
after his father died the
previous year.
childhood of tipu sultan
During Tipu's childhood, his
father rose to take power
in Mysore, and Tipu took
over rule of the kingdom
upon his father's death. In
addition to his role as ruler,
he was a scholar, soldier,
and poet. He was a devout
Muslim but the majority of
his subjects were Hindus. At
the request of the French,
he built a church, the first
in Mysore. He was
proficient in many
languages.
father rose to take power
in Mysore, and Tipu took
over rule of the kingdom
upon his father's death. In
addition to his role as ruler,
he was a scholar, soldier,
and poet. He was a devout
Muslim but the majority of
his subjects were Hindus. At
the request of the French,
he built a church, the first
in Mysore. He was
proficient in many
languages.
detail about tipu sultan
Tipu Sultan (Kannada:
ಟಿಪ್ಪು ಸುಲ್ತಾನ್, Urdu:
ﻮﭙﯿﭨ ﻥﺎﺧ ﯽﻠﻋ ﺢﺘﻓ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ)
(November 1750,
Devanahalli – 4 May 1799,
Seringapatam), also known
as the Tiger of Mysore,
was the de facto ruler of
the Kingdom of Mysore. He
was the son of Hyder Ali, at
that time an officer in the
Mysorean army, and his
second wife, Fatima or
Fakhr-un-Nissa. He was
given a number of
honorific titles, and was
referred to as Sultan Fateh
Ali Khan Shahab, Tipu
Saheb, Bahadur Khan Tipu
Sultan or Fatih Ali Khan
Tipu Sultan Bahadur.
ಟಿಪ್ಪು ಸುಲ್ತಾನ್, Urdu:
ﻮﭙﯿﭨ ﻥﺎﺧ ﯽﻠﻋ ﺢﺘﻓ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ)
(November 1750,
Devanahalli – 4 May 1799,
Seringapatam), also known
as the Tiger of Mysore,
was the de facto ruler of
the Kingdom of Mysore. He
was the son of Hyder Ali, at
that time an officer in the
Mysorean army, and his
second wife, Fatima or
Fakhr-un-Nissa. He was
given a number of
honorific titles, and was
referred to as Sultan Fateh
Ali Khan Shahab, Tipu
Saheb, Bahadur Khan Tipu
Sultan or Fatih Ali Khan
Tipu Sultan Bahadur.
introduction of tipu sultan
Reign 1782–1799
Born 20 November
1750
Birthplace Devanahalli
Died 4 May 1799
(aged 48)
Place of
death Seringapatam
Buried Seringapatam
Predecessor Hyder Ali
Successor Krishnaraja
Wodeyar II
Royal
House Sultanate of
Mysore
Father Hyder Ali
Mother Fakhr-un-
Nissa,The
second wife
of hyder ali
Religious
beliefs Islam.
Born 20 November
1750
Birthplace Devanahalli
Died 4 May 1799
(aged 48)
Place of
death Seringapatam
Buried Seringapatam
Predecessor Hyder Ali
Successor Krishnaraja
Wodeyar II
Royal
House Sultanate of
Mysore
Father Hyder Ali
Mother Fakhr-un-
Nissa,The
second wife
of hyder ali
Religious
beliefs Islam.
page 4 about civil war
What helped
create the foundation
for the Civil War was
the fact that many of
the
gentry were sympathetic
to the Puritans, who
argued that the
Anglican Church
established by Elizabeth
was far too close to
Roman Catholicism, and
so they sought to
reduce the influence of
ritual and hierarchy
within the Church.
Elizabeth refused to do
so.
James I, however, was
handicapped. He was
brought up in Scottish
court society, a society
patterned on the
French court. He was
greedy and squandered
his wealth. His tutors,
however, were Scottish
Calvinists who taught
him that tyrannical kings
may be deposed by the
people. His reaction to
this was strong since he
was a vigorous believer
in the divine right of
kings. And so in his
defense he wrote the A
Trew Law of Free
Monarchies: Or the
Reciprock and Mutual
Duetie Betwixt a Free
King, and his Naturall
Subjects (c.1597).
Monarchy was a divinely
ordained institution --
the king was
accountable to God
only and was above the
law. This manner of
thinking brought James
into frequent conflict
with Parliament in 1604.
Did the Commons have
the right to determine
the disputed elections
of its own members?
James was also faced
with Puritans who
wanted to reform the
Anglican Church
through legislation as
well as the gentry, who
wanted to extend their
influence in politics. And
in 1609, James delivered
a series of SPEECHES to
Parliament in which he
laid down his claim to
rule by divine right.
Finally, by 1611, James
had had enough of
Parliament and ruled by
himself until 1621.
create the foundation
for the Civil War was
the fact that many of
the
gentry were sympathetic
to the Puritans, who
argued that the
Anglican Church
established by Elizabeth
was far too close to
Roman Catholicism, and
so they sought to
reduce the influence of
ritual and hierarchy
within the Church.
Elizabeth refused to do
so.
James I, however, was
handicapped. He was
brought up in Scottish
court society, a society
patterned on the
French court. He was
greedy and squandered
his wealth. His tutors,
however, were Scottish
Calvinists who taught
him that tyrannical kings
may be deposed by the
people. His reaction to
this was strong since he
was a vigorous believer
in the divine right of
kings. And so in his
defense he wrote the A
Trew Law of Free
Monarchies: Or the
Reciprock and Mutual
Duetie Betwixt a Free
King, and his Naturall
Subjects (c.1597).
Monarchy was a divinely
ordained institution --
the king was
accountable to God
only and was above the
law. This manner of
thinking brought James
into frequent conflict
with Parliament in 1604.
Did the Commons have
the right to determine
the disputed elections
of its own members?
James was also faced
with Puritans who
wanted to reform the
Anglican Church
through legislation as
well as the gentry, who
wanted to extend their
influence in politics. And
in 1609, James delivered
a series of SPEECHES to
Parliament in which he
laid down his claim to
rule by divine right.
Finally, by 1611, James
had had enough of
Parliament and ruled by
himself until 1621.
page 2 about civil war
The
transition from QUEEN
ELIZABETH I (1533-1603,
r.1558-1603) of the
Tudor House to that of
James I (1566-1625,
r.1603-1625) and the
Stuarts was quite
dramatic. Elizabeth had
been an astute manager
of men as well as of
England. She chose her
advisers well and
introduced a modicum
of civility into court
society and encouraged
the patronage of the
arts. However, Elizabeth
refused to marry and so
the successor to the
throne remained a
thorny problem. A crisis
was avoided when her
chief minister, Robert
Cecil (1563-1612),
arranged for the king of
Scotland, James Stuart,
or James VI, to succeed
the throne upon
Elizabeth's death in
1603.
Elizabeth also refused
to act decisively against
those Catholics
remaining in England.
There were those who
hoped that upon
Elizabeth's death, that
Mary, Queen of Scots
(1542-1587), a Catholic,
would succeed the
throne. Mary had
already been removed
from Scotland by
Calvinist nobles and was
now a prisoner in
England. A Catholic plot
to drive out Elizabeth
remained until Elizabeth
agreed to execute Mary
on February 8, 1587.
There were other
dangers that confronted
the English government
under Elizabeth.
Throughout the late
16th century economic
forces had transformed
English society. The
nobility no longer had a
vital military role to play
in England. They were
also losing their
authority in government
while the House of
Commons was
becoming the near
equal of the House of
Lords in Parliament.
Finally, the nobility
seemed to be losing out
in terms of England's
increasing prosperity, as
new elements, such as
the gentry, entered the
scene. The gentry was a
broad group of people
that had done quite
well since the early 16th
century when they
purchased the land the
English crown had
confiscated when the
monasteries were
closed. The gentry also
found themselves more
thoroughly involved in
the commerce of the
nation which found
them at odds with the
nobility who were
traditionally aloof from
business matters.
Integral to the
administration of the
local parishes, the
gentry now wanted a
voice in Parliament.
Their argument was
simply that since they
had helped increase the
wealth of the nation
they too ought to share
in the governing of the
nation. The existence of
the gentry in the early
17th century was not
enough to stimulate a
civil war.
transition from QUEEN
ELIZABETH I (1533-1603,
r.1558-1603) of the
Tudor House to that of
James I (1566-1625,
r.1603-1625) and the
Stuarts was quite
dramatic. Elizabeth had
been an astute manager
of men as well as of
England. She chose her
advisers well and
introduced a modicum
of civility into court
society and encouraged
the patronage of the
arts. However, Elizabeth
refused to marry and so
the successor to the
throne remained a
thorny problem. A crisis
was avoided when her
chief minister, Robert
Cecil (1563-1612),
arranged for the king of
Scotland, James Stuart,
or James VI, to succeed
the throne upon
Elizabeth's death in
1603.
Elizabeth also refused
to act decisively against
those Catholics
remaining in England.
There were those who
hoped that upon
Elizabeth's death, that
Mary, Queen of Scots
(1542-1587), a Catholic,
would succeed the
throne. Mary had
already been removed
from Scotland by
Calvinist nobles and was
now a prisoner in
England. A Catholic plot
to drive out Elizabeth
remained until Elizabeth
agreed to execute Mary
on February 8, 1587.
There were other
dangers that confronted
the English government
under Elizabeth.
Throughout the late
16th century economic
forces had transformed
English society. The
nobility no longer had a
vital military role to play
in England. They were
also losing their
authority in government
while the House of
Commons was
becoming the near
equal of the House of
Lords in Parliament.
Finally, the nobility
seemed to be losing out
in terms of England's
increasing prosperity, as
new elements, such as
the gentry, entered the
scene. The gentry was a
broad group of people
that had done quite
well since the early 16th
century when they
purchased the land the
English crown had
confiscated when the
monasteries were
closed. The gentry also
found themselves more
thoroughly involved in
the commerce of the
nation which found
them at odds with the
nobility who were
traditionally aloof from
business matters.
Integral to the
administration of the
local parishes, the
gentry now wanted a
voice in Parliament.
Their argument was
simply that since they
had helped increase the
wealth of the nation
they too ought to share
in the governing of the
nation. The existence of
the gentry in the early
17th century was not
enough to stimulate a
civil war.
page 1 about civil war
The English Civil War
was as much the
response to the effects
of the Reformation as it
was a response to the
needs of the rising
middle classes, the
landed gentry. The war
itself involved the king,
Parliament, the
aristocracy, the middle
classes, the commoners,
and the army. The War
tested the prerogative
of the king and
challenged the theory
of divine right. War
raged between
Parliamentarians,
Royalists, Cavaliers and
Roundheads and every
religious sect in
England.
The years before 1640
in England were years
of national
disillusionment. The gap
between the court and
Protestant elements
widened, the golden
age of drama and
literature was over, the
religion of the court
and at Oxford and
Cambridge seemed
diffused, and scientific
ideas, though popular
in London and at
Oxford and Cambridge,
as yet had received no
official recognition. In
the meantime,
censorship grew more
severe, and lawyers
became the patrons
and consumers of art.
For the most part,
energies which had
been devoted to
literature in the mid-to-
late 16th century were
now channeled into
political and theological
concerns. The Civil War
was both religious and
political, as well as
social and economic.
But it was also a legal
battle between the king
and his subjects.
was as much the
response to the effects
of the Reformation as it
was a response to the
needs of the rising
middle classes, the
landed gentry. The war
itself involved the king,
Parliament, the
aristocracy, the middle
classes, the commoners,
and the army. The War
tested the prerogative
of the king and
challenged the theory
of divine right. War
raged between
Parliamentarians,
Royalists, Cavaliers and
Roundheads and every
religious sect in
England.
The years before 1640
in England were years
of national
disillusionment. The gap
between the court and
Protestant elements
widened, the golden
age of drama and
literature was over, the
religion of the court
and at Oxford and
Cambridge seemed
diffused, and scientific
ideas, though popular
in London and at
Oxford and Cambridge,
as yet had received no
official recognition. In
the meantime,
censorship grew more
severe, and lawyers
became the patrons
and consumers of art.
For the most part,
energies which had
been devoted to
literature in the mid-to-
late 16th century were
now channeled into
political and theological
concerns. The Civil War
was both religious and
political, as well as
social and economic.
But it was also a legal
battle between the king
and his subjects.
civil war
What an
inequitable thing it
is for one man to
have thousands,
and another want
bread, and that the
pleasure of God is,
that all men should
have enough, and
not that one man
should abound in
this worlds good,
spending it upon
his lusts, and
another man of far
better deserts, not
be worth two
pence, and that it is
no such difficulty as
men make it to be,
to alter the course
of the world in this
thing, and that a
few diligent and
valiant spirits may
turn the world
upside down, if
they observe their
seasons, and shall
with life and
courage ingage
accordingly.
--- attributed to
William Walwyn
inequitable thing it
is for one man to
have thousands,
and another want
bread, and that the
pleasure of God is,
that all men should
have enough, and
not that one man
should abound in
this worlds good,
spending it upon
his lusts, and
another man of far
better deserts, not
be worth two
pence, and that it is
no such difficulty as
men make it to be,
to alter the course
of the world in this
thing, and that a
few diligent and
valiant spirits may
turn the world
upside down, if
they observe their
seasons, and shall
with life and
courage ingage
accordingly.
--- attributed to
William Walwyn
what is english
It’s about how the Labour
government rebuilt Britain
after world war two by
setting up the welfare state
and implementing policies
of nationalisation and full
employment. It’s not a
professional production!
That means that I set up
the camera and left it. As a
result I keep walking in and
out of the camera shot,
oops. If you want to watch
it then look at the
powerpoint presentation
which goes with it to help
you follow the talk. It
doesn’t sound like a very
interesting topic but if you
want to try watching then
give it at least five minutes
before you turn it off as I
think you may well get
interested if you give it a
chance. Once you get
interested in a lecture and
concentrate on the content
your language acquisition
will really take off. The
power point slides are here
and the lecture is here. If
you are good at
manipulating windows on
your computer you’ll be
able to open the
powerpoint slides and the
video at the same time. If
you can’t quite work this
out or find it too
cumbersome (awkward/
difficult) then you could
print out the slides.
Tweet This Post
2 comments
Patrick
Thanks for your comment.
Where are you studying?
naska
Thanks to your simple and
clear style,I really
appreciate your services
Tags:Academic Listening,
EAP listening, lectures in
English
Acad.
government rebuilt Britain
after world war two by
setting up the welfare state
and implementing policies
of nationalisation and full
employment. It’s not a
professional production!
That means that I set up
the camera and left it. As a
result I keep walking in and
out of the camera shot,
oops. If you want to watch
it then look at the
powerpoint presentation
which goes with it to help
you follow the talk. It
doesn’t sound like a very
interesting topic but if you
want to try watching then
give it at least five minutes
before you turn it off as I
think you may well get
interested if you give it a
chance. Once you get
interested in a lecture and
concentrate on the content
your language acquisition
will really take off. The
power point slides are here
and the lecture is here. If
you are good at
manipulating windows on
your computer you’ll be
able to open the
powerpoint slides and the
video at the same time. If
you can’t quite work this
out or find it too
cumbersome (awkward/
difficult) then you could
print out the slides.
Tweet This Post
2 comments
Patrick
Thanks for your comment.
Where are you studying?
naska
Thanks to your simple and
clear style,I really
appreciate your services
Tags:Academic Listening,
EAP listening, lectures in
English
Acad.
about english
It has come to my
attention that some people
are visiting English for
University without
subscribing! Remember if
you subscribe to receive my
posts by e mail you will get
my posts direct to your
inbox without having to
come here all the time. I
promise you that you will
only ever receive postings
from this site and you will
keep up to date with all
the great resources that I
put up here.
As I am always pointing to
other teachers’ resources
on this site, for a change I
thought I’d point to one of
my own. Here’s a lecture I
gave to students at Exeter
University called Postwar
Reconstruction and the
Welfare State . It’s
designed as a lecture for
students on Academic
English courses who need
practise in listening and
note-taking so the content
is not too difficult and you
should be able to follow it.
attention that some people
are visiting English for
University without
subscribing! Remember if
you subscribe to receive my
posts by e mail you will get
my posts direct to your
inbox without having to
come here all the time. I
promise you that you will
only ever receive postings
from this site and you will
keep up to date with all
the great resources that I
put up here.
As I am always pointing to
other teachers’ resources
on this site, for a change I
thought I’d point to one of
my own. Here’s a lecture I
gave to students at Exeter
University called Postwar
Reconstruction and the
Welfare State . It’s
designed as a lecture for
students on Academic
English courses who need
practise in listening and
note-taking so the content
is not too difficult and you
should be able to follow it.
about english
It has come to my
attention that some people
are visiting English for
University without
subscribing! Remember if
you subscribe to receive my
posts by e mail you will get
my posts direct to your
inbox without having to
come here all the time. I
promise you that you will
only ever receive postings
from this site and you will
keep up to date with all
the great resources that I
put up here.
As I am always pointing to
other teachers’ resources
on this site, for a change I
thought I’d point to one of
my own. Here’s a lecture I
gave to students at Exeter
University called Postwar
Reconstruction and the
Welfare State . It’s
designed as a lecture for
students on Academic
English courses who need
practise in listening and
note-taking so the content
is not too difficult and you
should be able to follow it.
attention that some people
are visiting English for
University without
subscribing! Remember if
you subscribe to receive my
posts by e mail you will get
my posts direct to your
inbox without having to
come here all the time. I
promise you that you will
only ever receive postings
from this site and you will
keep up to date with all
the great resources that I
put up here.
As I am always pointing to
other teachers’ resources
on this site, for a change I
thought I’d point to one of
my own. Here’s a lecture I
gave to students at Exeter
University called Postwar
Reconstruction and the
Welfare State . It’s
designed as a lecture for
students on Academic
English courses who need
practise in listening and
note-taking so the content
is not too difficult and you
should be able to follow it.
Saturday 4 February 2012
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